r/soldering Dec 08 '19

Mods: does the sub need a sticky regarding soldering safety?

267 Upvotes

Lead poisoning? Flux Fumes?

A recurring topic in this subreddit (and related subs) are questions from slightly over-concerned people who have touched solder without protective gloves, spilled solder particles on their desk or clothes, or inadvertently inhaled flux fumes for a brief moment.

Yes, we get that some people are afraid of lead poisoning/exposure. Exposure to lead can be extremely dangerous. But regularly soldering with lead solder (a.k.a. Tin-lead / Sn-Pb / Sn60Pb40 / Sn63Pb37) on a hobby basis is not dangerous. Far from. You need to ingest the solder for there to be any lead exposure risk worth mentioning.

Don't let your exaggerated fears for lead poisoning stop you from performing your hobby.


So why do we have lead-free solder?

Why do some parts of the industry use lead-free solder? And why have some regions/states/countries banned the use of lead solder in parts of the industry (consumer electronics)? Is it to protect the workers from lead exposure during manufacturing? You might think so, but it's purely from an ecological standpoint (or even political standpoint). It might seem like the authorities sometimes feel it's simply easier to ban the use of lead, as opposed to implement means of proper recycling/handling of toxic materials (which can be quite challenging and expensive).

Businesses that don't really care about the environmental impact of using lead, will only use lead-free solder for tax reduction or other economical benefits, or simply because of certification requirements (i.e. ISO 14001:2015).

Lead-free solder requires a much higher level of workmanship and training. It requires specialized tools and special flux. Production costs can also be higher due to the increased wear and tear on tools, and the extra resources needed for additional QA and testing when products are assembled with lead-free solder.

If manufacturing businesses could choose freely, they would most certainly use lead solder in all parts of their manufacturing process. As a result, all parts of the electronics industry where mechanical robustness is of critical importance [PDF] (aerospace, avionics, medical, military, etc), you won't see use of lead-free solder.


Flux fumes:

The fumes you observe during the soldering process DO NOT CONTAIN ANY METAL. AT ALL. We're soldering. Not brazing. And we're certainly not welding. There are no air-borne metal particles "flowing up" inside the plume of fumes. The fumes are organic acids, and are 100% the result of flux melting and its burn-off a.k.a. colophony fumes. Of course, the fumes are considered to be unhealthy (read: "hazardous", "can cause asthma", "eye/skin irritation") for you in the long run - especially if you work in electronics manufacturing and are exposed to this relatively often. And yes, the fumes should be avoided as much as practically possible. But in all seriousness; the fumes are not pleasant to inhale and you can feel it irritating your airways and eyes immediately... so why are you still keeping your face tucked into the fumes? Just move your head away.

Table-top fume/smoke extractors with a built-in carbon filter (example) have zero impact on levels of flux fumes in the air. These are smoke absorbers, and not fume absorbers.

If the fumes are bothering you too much, simply using an inexpensive PC fan that blows the fumes away from your face will be sufficient enough. A comprehensive laboratory test done by HSE UK on fume extractors can be found in the link section below.

In other words: a fan or smoke absorber is not mandatory when you're a hobbyist. You simply use one if you need to make it less of a hassle when soldering.


Handling lead solder:

Inorganic lead is not readily absorbed by the skin. And unlike small children, we don't keep putting our dirty fingers in our mouth for no reason while we're handling the solder. As with any other hobby that involves chemicals or tool use, you simply wash your hands like a normal person when you are done for the day. This also means random solder particles hidden away in your clothes after soldering pose no direct threat to your health.


Solder particles/drops:

Infants, toddlers (and pets) will put anything and everything in their mouth. Including their own hands after touching something they shouldn't touch. Don't leave your tools, work materials, or wire cutoffs/discards accessible to small children. We all hate having to walk around on a dirty floor. And we most certainly don't want our children to sit and play on the floor in all the shit left over from our hobby. Just hoover up any solder particles (and sharp wire cutoffs). Or even better, don't perform your hobby in a room where your children also play (!). Some people might even have a dedicated hobby room... for hobbies.


The main point is that common sense is all you need. You don't need to take any extra precautions just because you want to solder some electronics.

Simply don't work on your hobby near toddlers or pets. Move your head when the fumes make your eyes water, or when you start coughing. Wash your hands like normal people do. And tidy up after yourself, and keep your house clean - unless you have a separate hobby room for this type of work.


A reading list with some facts on soldering, lead exposure:

  • UC SAN DIEGO | Lead Soldering Safety - blink.ucsd.edu [recommended]

  • HSE UK | Electronics (Soldering): Where are the hazards? - www.hse.gov.uk

  • HSE UK | Controlling health risks from rosin (colophony)-based solder flux fume [PDF] - www.hse.gov.uk

  • HSE UK | Comprehensive test of 5 different types of fume extractors incl. table-top extractor/fan [PDF] - www.hse.gov.uk [recommended]. The report concludes that a table-top fume/smoke absorber with a filter (Hakko 493) "was ineffective" and the "fume passed straight through, unabsorbed". It does not filter the air. A simple fan (without a filter) will be sufficient enough in most situations (i.e for hobby use). Reading the entire report is highly recommended.

  • WIKIPEDIA | Flux: Dangers - wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux_(metallurgy)

  • ATSDR US | Lead Toxicity. What Are Routes of Exposure to Lead? - www.atsdr.cdc.gov

  • ATSDR US | Lead Toxicity. What Is Lead? - www.atsdr.cdc.gov

  • WIKIPEDIA | Lead poisoning - wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoning

  • WIKIPEDIA | RoHS 1 - Examples showing exclusions/exemptions on the use of lead solder in electrical and electronic equipment manufacturing: wikipedia.org/wiki/RoHS


Want to use lead-free solder? Some suggested reading:

Note: some of the articles below are based on an industrial viewpoint, but a lot of the information still applies to hobby use.

  • QUORA | Disadvantages of lead-free solder vs. lead solder? - www.quora.com [recommended]

  • HAKKO | What is lead-free soldering? - www.hakko.com

  • HAKKO | Why do tips easily oxidize when they are used with lead-free solder? - www.hakko.com

  • KESTER | Lead-free Hand-soldering – Ending the Nightmares [PDF] - www.kester.com

  • PACE | Lead free Solder and Your Equipment a.k.a. "Lead-free Solders Will negatively Affect Soldering and Rework Equipment" - paceworldwide.com


If you are a complete beginner, and still insist on using lead-free solder (after reading all of the above):


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2 Upvotes

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3 Upvotes

r/soldering 1d ago

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21 Upvotes

r/soldering 1d ago

Soldering Saftey Discussion TIL: How to avoid "Metal Fume Fever" when soldering electronics...

53 Upvotes

I didn't read the label close enough on the can of "Tinning Flux" from the 90s that I got at the garage sale. It contains Zinc Chloride and Ammonium Chloride. It is for copper fittings, not through-hole PCB applications, I know now.

Not before using it to do some PCB reworking and being exposed to the heated fumes for a couple of hours over two days. I thought I was having an allergy attack, my nose was running, I was sneezing like crazy. When the pain and 99.5F fever kicked in, I went to the freestanding ER clinic and got a covid and a flu test. Both came back negative.

Because of my ignorance about the dangers of that flux, I gave myself "Metal Fume Fever" I feel like utter crap. Headache, can't breathe, chest hurts, fatigued, etc. etc. Apparently, the body reacts to the zinc by mounting an immune response, and the acid/metal fumes also cause damage to the lining of the sinuses and lungs.

I had an open window, I was running one of the little yellow box fans to suck the smoke away from my face, i was holding my breath and exhaling only. So, there you go. A first hand account of why to not use pipefitting solder at your DIY electronics bench.


r/soldering 22h ago

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3 Upvotes

I have an Asko dishwasher DBI664 purchased in 2021. Recently it stopped turning on.

A Reddit post described the problem: broken power switch. I took the door apart and confirmed it.

The button in the door presses on this tiny, tiny switch. Over time, pressure causes the 2 tiny solder joints that hold the switch to the board To break. (The switch also has 3 electrical connections on the back.)

Asko wants $400 for a new control board. #$%!

I resoldered the joints that secure the switch and put it all back together — no change. Not fixed.

Looking for advice on fixing this. I assume I have to resolder the switch connections? Ive never worked with anything this small

Also wondering how I can improve this terrible design. Was thinking of covering the switch with a glue-gun to make it much more firmly attached to the board.


r/soldering 17h ago

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1 Upvotes

I got a soldering iron for myself in December as I've been wanting to learn how to solder. Today my son had a toy lightsaber that he got and it didn't work.

I opened it and it was just a wire that didn't get soldered well enough. So I got my new iron out, cleaned it via the sponge, tinned the tip with the solder that came with the iron (this smoked a good bit which I wasn't expecting). Then I learned how to use the solid welding rosn(rosin?) flux that came with it, applied a bit and was able to re-solder the wire (a simple but proud moment for me to fix my son's toy).

I have heard there are different types of solder (leaded, unleaded, different cores etc) but my question is: is there any way to tell if the solder has lead in it or what type it is? There unfortunately isn't a label and I can't find any information in the kit about it. Should I ventilate when soldering always or just when I use leaded solder?

Sorry if this is a RTFM moment but I wanted to share my proud moment anyways and thought I might include my questions at the same time since I'm about as new to soldering as I could be.

Thanks for your thoughts in advance


r/soldering 1d ago

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87 Upvotes

I've done some basic things before. Soldering or desoldering batteries to boards. Soldering wires together. But this was my biggest project to date.

I replaced the analog sticks on a PS4 Dualshock 4 controller with Hall Effect sticks. This was mostly a test run. The controller was semi-broken to begin with. I'm hoping to fully restore it, but this was just was of the pieces on that path.

I'm practicing up to eventually do the same thing on my PS5 controllers. One of the sticks is starting to drift on it and I want to fix it.

Anyway, I've seen a lot of posts about using enough flux, not using too much solder, etc. I think I used a little too much solder on some of the pins. But overall I think I'm happy with how it turned out. I won't put it all together and test it until I get some feedback, just in case.

Removing the old sticks was a royal pain in the ass. I definitely need more practice desoldering.

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1 Upvotes

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1 Upvotes

Hello everyone,

I'm in a bit of a bind and could use some expert advice. I'm looking for a specific IC chip for an Asus Zephyrus S17 GX703HS laptop motherboard, but I've hit a roadblock. The chip is labeled "285A TI 188 AFF0," but I haven't been able to find any information about it online, nor can I locate a PCB schematic to seek an alternative.

I've tried searching through usual databases and electronic part suppliers but to no avail. Does anyone here have experience with this or a similar issue, or could point me in the right direction to find either this specific chip or a compatible alternative?

Any help or suggestions on how to proceed would be greatly appreciated. Thank you in advance!

https://preview.redd.it/93mtw7nn61ce1.jpg?width=1500&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=8c7af6aa5530b12192155fdd91a4b08cdb017e24

https://preview.redd.it/ztgj2myo61ce1.jpg?width=1500&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=3f14b80ede567f97894ebdcd318cc1e4eeb7c0e4


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I’m currently de soldering a keyboard, what’s the best way to get rid of this gunk. Is it flux ?


r/soldering 1d ago

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3 Upvotes

Hello !

I am not new to soldering but quite new on surface mount soldering … I did some at school years ago it was hard but was working at the end I have a “good” soldering station hot air/classic soldering but I don’t use it often

I would like your advice regarding this job, my daughter brake the usb plug of my piano silent system (expensive new and I don’t think part exist it is 10 years old)

I think I can buy a plug and solder that, would I use hot air and solder paste or classical approach ? How to redo the support that did break ? (Main question I don’t know at all here ^ )

I asked here 80€ to do it by a pro I mean it is ok but maybe I can give it a try


r/soldering 1d ago

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18 Upvotes

Any comments on my first surface mount? The completed device is a FM radio. It turned out excellent


r/soldering 1d ago

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0 Upvotes

I found this old container of Qualitek PF400 RA flux in my garage that I purchased 3-4 years ago and I am wondering if it is safe to use on electronics and for tinning wires? I know what I am currently using ( https://www.reddit.com/r/soldering/s/wtSTJ30WEN ) is not safe AT ALL. This container is likely much older than 3-4 years as I bought it from a surplus store. It is marketed as a replacement for the discontinued Kester SP-44 flux. I do not know anything about why that was discontinued (is it hazardous?) It doesn’t work nearly as well for soldering joints and is much harder to clean off boards than the Burnley Battery ZnCl2 flux (petrolatum and ZnCl2 based) from the early to mid 1900s have used for years but I know that stuff isn’t safe on electronics. Additionally the PF400 seems to gum up my soldering iron much faster than the Burnley. The internet claims that Kester SP-44 will wick up tinned stranded wires and corrode them over time just like ZnCl2 does. If the PF400 is safe to use what should I use to clean it off with? IPA doesn’t seem to work well at all. I’d like to spend as little money as possible.


r/soldering 1d ago

General Soldering Advice | Feedback | Discussion Laptop running again

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1 Upvotes

I removed this part using hot air 120 second pre heat (200°c) and 30 second reflow 380°c-400°c

I also wonder what this area is called and what is the purpose of those two SMD capacitors that I just removed (0805 and 0402).

And I also noticed my battery charges very slowly but I guess it's just because I haven't charged it for a couple of weeks so it's dry 0% all the time. Well it always has been a weird battery... Dying at 20% or even jumping from 90% down to 60% after 30 minutes even though it says that I could last 4-6 Hours (actually 2-4 hours).

I hope it stays this way for a long time :<

I also heat it up a second time but this time I heated it up inside it's chassis with it's monitor close so the heat just got spread down to the screen and it now shows single lines sometimes... It's not that noticable and I think it does appear anymore. It's a very nice screen actually and it doesn't even get hot at all, it's also touchscreen. I hope that screen lines won't appear again...


r/soldering 1d ago

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10 Upvotes

I will be using SMD components in a project I’m making. Didn’t realize different sizes in resistors when I designed the board, and then also ordered the resistor pack afterwards. I’m looking at everything, and realizing the resistors are I little larger than the pads. When soldering on, do you think this difference is too much, or could I make it work like that? Wife has me on a tight budget so buying more would have to wait a few weeks (waited like three weeks to order the boards and components in the first place)


r/soldering 1d ago

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21 Upvotes

All of them appear to work. All they're missing are some tips and the screw thingy on the end. The power cables have melted insulation, so I'll have to replace them. Lucky find!